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More about Mold Questions and Answers Q 1: I heard about toxic molds that grow in homes and other buildings. Should I be concerned about a serious health risk to me and my family? A: There is always a little mold everywhere - in the air and on many surfaces. There are afew reports that toxic molds (those containing certain mycotoxins) inside homes causing health conditions such as pulmonary hemorrhage or memory loss. Much of the effect of mold depends on a persons individual physiology. A common-sense approach should be used for any mold contamination existing inside buildings and homes. The common health concerns from molds include hay fever-like allergic symptoms. Certain individuals with chronic respiratory disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, asthma) may experience difficulty breathing. Individuals with immune suppression may be at increased risk for infection from molds. If you or your family members have these conditions, a qualified medical clinician should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment. For the most part, one should take routine measures to prevent mold growth in the home. Q 2.:How common is mold, including Stachybotrys chartarum (also known by itssynonym Stachybotrys atra) in buildings?A: Molds are very common in buildings and homes and will grow anywhere indoors wherethere is moisture. The most common indoor molds are Cladosporium, Penicillium,Aspergillus , and Alternaria. We do not have accurate information about how oftenStachybotrys chartarum is found in buildings and homes. While it is less common than othermold species, it is not rare. It is considered the most likely to cause irritation to humans. Q 3: How do molds get in the indoor environment and how do they grow? A: Molds naturally grow in the indoor environment. Mold spores may also enter your housethrough open doorways, windows, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems. Spores in the air outside also attach themselves to people and animals, making clothing, shoes, bags, and pets convenient vehicles for carrying mold indoors. When mold spores drop on places where there is excessive moisture, such as where leakage may have occurred in roofs, pipes, walls, plant pots, or where there has been flooding, they will grow. Many building materials provide suitable nutrients that encourage mold to grow. Wet cellulose materials, including paper and paper products, cardboard, ceiling tiles, wood, and wood products, are particularly conducive for the growth of some molds. Other materials such as dust, paints, wallpaper, insulation materials, drywall, carpet, fabric, and upholstery, commonly support mold growth. Q 4: What is Stachybotrys chartarum (Stachybotrys atra)?A: Stachybotrys chartarum (also known by its synonym Stachybotrys atra) is a greenishblackmold. It can grow on material with a high cellulose and low nitrogen content, such as fiberboard, gypsum board, paper, dust, and lint. Growth occurs when there is moisture from water damage, excessive humidity, water leaks, condensation, water infiltration, or flooding. Constant moisture is required for its growth. All molds should be treated with respect to potential health risks and removal. Q 5: Are there any circumstances where people should vacate a home or other building because of mold? A: These decisions have to be made individually. If you believe you are ill because ofexposure to mold in a building, you should consult your physician to determine the appropriate action to take. In a recent episode of "Extreem Makeover- Home Addition" on ABC airing 1/28/07 a volunteer fire fighter died from mold in his basement. In this episode, the family was forced to abandon the house and a new one was built. Q 6: Who are the people who are most at risk for health problems associated with exposure to mold? A: People with allergies may be more sensitive to molds. People with immune suppressionor underlying lung disease are more susceptible to fungal infections. Q 7: How do you know if you have a mold problem? A. Large mold infestations can usually be seen or smelled. We test when two square feet ofmore of suspicious staining is present. Q 8: Does Stachybotrys chartarum (Stachybotrys atra) cause acute idiopathicpulmonary hemorrhage among infants? A: To date, an association between acute idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage among infantsand Stachybotrys chartarum (Stachybotrys atra) has been advanced, but not beenconclusively proved. Further studies are needed to determine what causes acute idiopathic hemorrhage. Q 9: What if my child has acute idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage? A: Parents should ensure that their children get proper medical treatment.Q 10: What are the potential health effects of mold in buildings and homes? A: Mold exposure does not always present a health problem indoors to everyone. Howeversome people are sensitive to molds. These people may experience symptoms such as nasal stuffiness, eye irritation, or wheezing when exposed to molds. Some people may have more severe reactions to molds. Severe reactions may occur among workers exposed to large amounts of molds in occupational settings, such as farmers working around moldy hay. Severe reactions may include fever and shortness of breath. People with chronic illnesses, such as obstructive lung disease, may develop mold infections in their lungs. In a recent episode of "Extreem Makeover- Home Addition" on ABC airing 1/28/07 a volunteer fire fighter died from mold in his basement. In this episode, the family was forced to abandon the house and a new one was built. Q 11: How do you get the molds out of buildings, including homes, schools, and places of employment? A: In most cases mold can be removed by a thorough cleaning with bleach and water. Ifyou have an extensive amount of mold or it was found to be Stachybotrys, Penicillium,Aspergillus , we recommend a professional be contacted who has experience in cleaningmold in buildings and homes. Q 12: What should people to do if they determine they have Stachybotryschartarum (Stachybotrys atra) in their buildings or homes?A: Mold growing in homes and buildings, whether it is Stachybotrys chartarum( Stachybotrys atra) or other molds, indicates that there is a problem with water ormoisture. This is the first problem that needs to be addressed. Mold under carpets typically requires that the carpets be removed. Once mold starts to grow in insulation or wallboard the only way to deal with the problem is by removal and replacement. In areas where flooding has occurred, prompt cleaning of walls and other flood-damaged items with water mixed with chlorine bleach, diluted 10 parts water to 1 part bleach, is necessary to prevent mold growth. Never mix bleach with ammonia. Moldy items should be discarded. Q 13: How do you keep mold out of buildings and homes? A: As part of routine building maintenance, buildings should be inspected for evidence ofwater damage and visible mold. The conditions causing mold (such as water leaks, condensation, infiltration, or flooding) should be corrected to prevent mold from growing. Specific Recommendations: Keep humidity level in house below 50%. Use air conditioner or a dehumidifier during humid months. Be sure the home has adequate ventilation, including exhaust fans in kitchen andbathrooms. Use mold inhibitors which can be added to paints. Clean bathroom with mold-killing products. Do not carpet bathrooms. Remove and replace flooded carpets.Q 14: I found mold growing in my home; how do I test the mold? A: Current evidence indicates that allergies are the type of diseases most often associatedwith molds. Since the susceptibility of individuals can vary greatly either because of the amount or type of mold, sampling and culturing are not entirely reliable in determining your health risk, but sampling can help and is a good first step. If you are susceptible to mold and mold is suspected in the home you want to purchase, there is a potential health risk; therefore, no matter what type of mold is present, you should arrange for its removal. Furthermore, reliable sampling for mold can be expensive, and standards for judging what is and what is not an acceptable or tolerable quantity of mold have not been established. Q 15: A qualified environmental lab took samples of the mold in my home and gave me the results. Can CDC interpret these results? A: Standards for judging what is an acceptable, tolerable, or normal quantity of mold havenot been established. If you do decide to pay for environmental sampling for molds, they should tell you in advance what they will do or what recommendations they will make based on the sampling results. The results of samples taken in your unique situation cannot be interpreted without physical inspection of the contaminated area or without considering the building’s characteristics and the factors that led to the present condition. Home Check America does not formulate remediation plans, we only take the first random sample of a suspected area to help our client know if further action is reasonable. Summary : In summary, Stachybotrys chartarum (Stachybotrys atra) and other moldsmay cause health symptoms that are nonspecific. At present there is no test that proves an association between Stachybotrys chartarum (Stachybotrys atra) and particular healthsymptoms. Individuals with persistent symptoms should see their physician. However, if Stachybotrys chartarum (Stachybotrys atra) or other molds are found in a building, prudentpractice recommends that they be removed. Use the simplest and most expedient method that properly and safely removes mold.
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