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Before You Look at Your First House Experienced home buyers know that one of the first-steps in beginning a successful search for a new house is taking a hard, objective look at finances. Determining how much money you can dedicate to the purchase of your new house affects almost every aspect of buying a new home - including how we write the offer, which mortgage programs you will qualify for, shopping for the best mortgage loan and which homes are truly in your price range.
The 28/36 Rule Take Advantage of Loan Pre-Qualification
A number of factors determine the price range of homes you'll want to preview - one of these factors is loan pre-qualification. As your agent, I will help you pre-qualify. Items considered when pre-qualifying for a mortgage loan include:
With my knowledge of the mortgage market, I'll help you make an informed decision as to the type of loan you'll want. There are many different types of loans to consider - FHA, VA, Conventional and even Bad Credit Loans. We'll find the best loan for your situation.
********************************************************************************************************* For many buyers, applying for the mortgage loan is one of the more stressful aspects of buying a home. The loan application need not be a stressful time. By following a few easy steps, you'll sail through the loan application process.
Loan Application Checklist
Types of Mortgage Lenders There are a number of types of primary mortgage lenders that you may encounter when shopping for your mortgage loan. To give you a better understanding of these service providers, a brief explanation is provided below. Mortgage Bankers typically originate loans and then sell these loans to the secondary mortgage market shortly after funding. (The mortgage banker may or may not sell the servicing of the loan.) Often mortgage bankers have attractive loan programs and rates. Portfolio Lenders make loans with the institution's own funds and keep the loan on the institution's books rather than immediately selling it to the secondary mortgage market. Many institutions engage in mortgage banking as well as portfolio lending. Since portfolio lenders fund the loans, they are not confined to Freddie Mac/Fannie Mae guidelines. After a portfolio loan has reached its one year anniversary date without any late payments, it is considered seasoned and may be sold to the secondary mortgage market even if it does not meet Freddie Mac/Fannie Mae guidelines. If a portfolio loan is sold to the secondary mortgage market, the portfolio lender may continue to service the loan. Direct Lenders fund their own loans. Direct lenders usually fall into the category of a mortgage banker or portfolio lender. Correspondents act on behalf of one or several lenders (sponsors) throughout the origination and closing. The loan is usually underwritten by the sponsor. The correspondent acts as the lender's agent. The correspondent may also service the loan for the lender. Mortgage Brokers work as intermediaries between lenders and borrowers. Mortgage brokers have access to a number of lenders and often offer the most variety in loan programs. Brokers assist the borrower in filling out the loan application, obtaining the credit report and appraisal, selecting a loan program and finding a lender to fund the loan. In general, brokers do not make the decision to extend the loan and do not fund the loan. The mortgage broker may be paid by the borrower or the lender. Payment to the broker is typically included in the closing costs as either fees or points. Wholesale Lenders underwrite and fund mortgage loans. Wholesale lenders may also service the loan payments and ensure the loan's compliance with underwriting guidelines. Banks, Credit Unions and Savings & Loans use funds gathered from their customers through checking, savings and certificates of deposit to make mortgage loans. The institution may hold the loan in its portfolio or sell it to a secondary mortgage market. Secondary Mortgage Market When you apply for a home mortgage, you may be under the impression that the mortgage lender will be servicing the loan until it is paid off. This may not be the case. It is common practice for the mortgage loan to be bought and sold to a secondary mortgage market investor, sometimes more than once in the life of a loan. These transactions will not affect your mortgage amount or your mortgage payment. The secondary mortgage market is comprised of investors like Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Selling loans to the secondary mortgage market provides primary lenders with funds needed to issue new mortgage loans. ***************************************************************** The Cost of Your Mortgage Loan When shopping for a mortgage, the lender may give you a quote for the mortgage interest rate and points (additional fees charged by the lender usually paid at closing by the borrower). These only represent terms available at the time of the quote. They may not be available by the closing date (which may be weeks or months in the future). To ensure the rate and points are the same at closing as they are when quoted, you'll need to lock-in the interest rate (also known as a rate lock or rate commitment). Obtain a Written Agreement
Most lenders will commit, in writing, to a mortgage interest rate for a specified time period while your loan application is processed - this is known as "locking-in" the rate. If you elect to lock-in an interest rate, it is best to deal with a lender who provides a written lock-in agreement. Be sure to read this agreement carefully, some lock-in agreements become void due to actions beyond your control - such as a change in the maximum rate for VA-guaranteed loans. Lock-in Options The following lock-in options are common among lending institutions. Be sure to ask the mortgage lenders you are considering which lock-in options they offer.
The Cost of Locking-in the Rate It is not unusual for a lender to charge a fee for locking-in an interest rate and points. This fee may vary depending on the amount of time you want to lock-in the rate (the lock-in period). The fee may be charged when you lock-in the rate (and is rarely refundable if you withdraw your application, if your credit is denied or if you do not close on the loan) or it may be included in your closing costs. The amount of the fee and when it is charged will vary among lenders. The Lock-in Period Most lenders will offer lock-in periods of 30-60 days. Some lenders may only have short lock-in periods. And still others may offer a longer lock-in period (expect higher fees for longer lock-in periods). The lock-in period should be long enough for the loan approval process and to allow for any other contingencies that may delay closing. The Lock-in Expiration Date If unexpected circumstances prevent the loan from settling prior to the last day of the lock-in period (whether caused by you or others in the process - including the lender), you lose the interest rate and points that were locked. Prevailing interest rates and points are usually charged under these circumstances. Be sure to ask your lender before you lock-in what interest rates and points will be charged if the loan is not closed before the lock-in period expires. **********************************************************How to Reduce Your Mortgage One Additional Mortgage Payment a Year There's a simple trick to significantly reduce the length of your mortgage and save you thousands of dollars. The trick is to make one extra mortgage payment a year and apply that payment toward your loan's principal. This is the method being used by "Bi-Weekly Mortgage Reduction Services" and "Bi-Weekly Mortgage Savings Programs". Only, when you do it yourself, you don't pay a third party unnecessary set-up costs and fees! Example: $100,000 loan, 30-year mortgage, 6.5% fixed interest rate
One-time Payment It may not be possible for you to increase your monthly mortgage payment. Keep in mind that most mortgages will permit you to make additional payments to your principal at anytime. Perhaps, five-years after moving into your home you receive a larger than expected tax return, or an inheritance or a non-taxable cash gift. You could apply this money toward your loan's principal, resulting in significant savings and a shorter loan period. Example: With a $100,000, 30-year, 6.5% fixed interest rate mortgage loan, the borrower will pay a total of $227,542.98 to pay back the loan in 30 years. That equals $127,542.98 in interest payments. If the same borrower makes a one-time $5,000 payment the first day of year 6, he/she will pay a total of $204,710.75 and pay off the loan in 27 years (324 months). That's a savings of $22,832.23 in interest. ***************************************************************** The Cost of Your Mortgage Loan
The same care and consideration you give to finding the right house should be applied to your search for the right mortgage lender. For most home-buyers a major determining factor in selecting a lender is the cost of the mortgage loan. But how do you determine the cost of a mortgage loan? Shopping for a Mortgage Loan While most buyers concentrate on interest rates, it is best to look at all the costs associated with a mortgage loan. Mortgage loans include the quoted interest rate, points and closing costs. More than Just Interest A number of fees are associated with the mortgage loan, including:
Using the Annual Percentage Rate (APR) to Compare Mortgage Loans The APR was designed to help borrowers understand the relative costs of a mortgage loan. The APR takes into account the various fees associated with the loan, which is why it is often higher than the interest rate. Understand that not all lenders calculate a loan's APR in the same way. That is why this should be only one of the factors used in selecting the best mortgage for you. Locking-in Interest Rates Another factor to consider when selecting a lender is whether the lender will lock-in the mortgage's interest rate and points.
To stay competitive in a tight market, some buyers make the choice of securing a bridge loan (also known as a swing loan or bridge financing). A bridge loan covers the gap between the time a buyer closes on their new home and the time in which their old house sells. Typically a bridge loan is structured as a one year loan. The bridge loan pays off the buyer´s first house with the remaining funds, minus closing costs and six month´s of interest, going toward the down payment for the new house. If after six months the first house has not sold, the buyer will begin making interest-only payments on the bridge loan. When the first house sells, the bridge loan is paid-off. If the old house sells within the first six months, any unearned interest payments will be credited to the buyer. This is the typical bridge loan scenario for most buyers. In some cases a buyer may qualify for a bridge loan that simply adds the cost of their new house to their current debt. The advantage of a bridge loan is that it allows you to make a competitive offer on a house without a contingency clause. The disadvantage of a bridge loan is that it is usually a short-term loan (1 year or less) with high interest rates. With my knowledge of local market conditions, I can help you determine whether a bridge loan is your best option for making a competitive offer. Let's get together to talk about your options. The Last Minute Credit Check
Your actions after receiving lender approval for a mortgage loan can disqualify you for the loan. A mortgage loan is conditionally approved, with the lender reserving the right to re-verify credit, income, assets and employment at anytime. The lender may cancel the loan if there are any adverse changes to your qualification status. Debt-to-Income Ratio Your debt-to-income ratio is your gross monthly income divided by the amount you spend on debt. Debt items include mortgage payments (including principal, interest, insurance, tax), car payments, credit card payments, student loans, child support payments, etc. The lender considers debt-to-income ratio when approving you for a mortgage loan. Only 28 percent of your income can be used for your mortgage payment, which includes taxes and insurance; and 36 percent for the mortgage payment plus the rest of your debt. Anything you do to negatively affect your debt-to-income ratio may change an "approval" to a "disqualification." Avoid Red Flags A red flag is any inquiry made regarding your credit worthiness. If you decide to purchase a big ticket item - like a car, boat or furniture - prior to closing, you're at risk of having a red flag show up on your credit report. Keep Your Money Where It Is The balances of your liquid assets are considered when approving you for a mortgage loan. These liquid assets may include checking accounts, savings accounts, certificates of deposit, money market accounts, retirement accounts, stock and mutual funds. Avoid changes to the balances of these accounts. Do not close accounts. Do not change banks. A large withdrawal or deposit to any of these accounts will trigger a red flag for your mortgage lender. If a red flag is triggered, you may be asked to produce a paper trail tracking large withdrawals and/or deposits. Employment Status For most employees a change of jobs to one of equal or higher pay will not trigger a red flag. However, sales people should not change jobs prior to closing on their mortgage loan.
Talk to Your Loan Originator Do not make any changes to your financial and employment status without first talking to your loan originator.
********************************************************************** The Down Payment The amount you have available for a down payment will affect what types of loans for which you can qualify. Down payments typically range from 3 to 20 percent of the sales price for the property. Tips for Accumulating a Down Payment
Alternative Sources
Writing the Offer - Financial Considerations It is standard practice to make a purchase offer contingent upon obtaining a mortgage. Because of this contingency, the seller will want the details of your financing plan included in the offer.
******************************************* Tax Closing Costs Property Taxes Transfer Taxes and Recording Fees *********************************************************************** Scoring your Credit - How's your FICO? In today's increasingly automated society, it should come as no surprise that when you apply for a mortgage, your ability to pay can be reduced to a single number. All the years you've been paying your mortgage, car payments, and credit card bills can be analyzed, sliced, diced, spindled and mutilated into a single indicator of whether you're likely to meet your future obligations. All three of the major credit reporting agencies (Equifax, Experian and TransUnion) use a slightly different system to arrive at a score. The best known is called the FICO score, based on a model developed by Fair Isaac and Company (hence the name) and used by Experian. Equifax's model is called BEACON, while TransUnion uses EMPIRICA. While each of the models considers a range of data available in your credit report, the primary factors are:
Each of these, and other items, are assigned a value and a weight. The results are added up and distilled into a single number. FICO scores range from 300 to 850, with higher being better. Typical home buyers likely find their scores falling between 600 and 850. FICO scores are used for more than just determining whether or not you qualify for a mortgage. Higher scores indicate you are a better credit risk, and thus may qualify for a better mortgage rate. What can you do about your FICO score? Unfortunately, not much. Since the score is based on a lifetime of credit history, it is difficult to make a significant change in the number with quick fixes. The most important thing is to know your FICO score and to ensure that your credit history is correct. Conveniently, Fair Isaac has created a web site (www.myFICO.com) that let's you do just that. For a reasonable fee, you can quickly get your FICO score from all three reporting agencies, along with your credit report. Also available is some helpful information and tools that help you analyze what actions might have the greatest impact on your FICO score. Each of the credit services offers similar services on their web sites: www.equifax.com, www.experian.com, and www.transunion.com. Armed with this information, you will be a more informed consumer and better positioned to obtain the most favorable mortgage available to you. ******************************************************************* The Home Buyer Checklist identifies some of the important factors to consider when choosing a home. In addition to an affordable sales price, you will also want to be sure that the neighborhood and house meet the needs of your family. Take this checklist along when you go shopping for your house. It will help you evaluate the neighborhoods and assess the availability and condition of various features of up to three homes in a side-by-side comparison.
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